¡@¡@¦¹»y¨¥¤åÄm¾Ç­·¦³¨äµo®i¹Lµ{¡A¤Õ­õ«K±N¥»¥@¬ö«e¥b¸­ªº¼Ú¬w¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s ¤À¬°¡]1¡^­^¼w¾Ç¬£¡G¥HT.W.Rhys Davids»P H. Oldenberg ¬°¥Nªí¡A»{ ¬°¤Ú§Q¦ò±Ð¤~¬O¯Âºé¦ò±Ð¡F¡]2¡^¦C¹ç®æ°Ç¾Ç¬£¡G¥HStcherbatsky¡A Rosenberg »P Obermiller ¬°¥Nªí¡A¨ä¬ã¨s½d³ò¶}©lÂX¤Î³¡¬£ªü¬s¹F¿i¤å Äm¡A¨Ã´©¤Þ¦è¤è­õ¾Ç¡]¦p±d¼w¡^§@¬°®æ¸qªº¾ÌÂÇ¡F¡]3¡^ªk¤ñ¾Ç¬£ ¡]Franco-Belgian School¡^¡A¥H Louis de La Vallee Poussin¡AJean Przyluski¡ASylvain Levi¡APaul Demieville»PEtinne Lamotte ¬°¥Nªí¡C¦¹¾Ç ¬£¥H»y¨¥¾Ç¡B¤åÄm¾Ç¬ã¨s¬°°ò¦¡Aµ²¦X­õ¾Ç¡BªÀ·|¾Ç¡B¥Á±Ú»xµ¥¤èªk¡A¸Õ ¹Ï«Øºc§ó¬°§¹¾ãªº¦ò±Ð¹Ï¹³¡C(Conze, 1968: 1-3)

¡@¡@Lamotte ³o½g½×¤å¨ì¤F 1984 ¦~¤@³õÃö©ó¦ò±Ð¸àÄÀ¾Çªº°Q½×·|¦A«×¨ü¨ìª` ·N¡CDonald S. Lopez, Jr.¦b¤@½g³ø¾É¸Ó¬ã°Q·|ªº¤å³¹¤¤«ü¥X¡A¬ÛÀ³©ó¸àÄÀ ¾Ç«ä¼é¤§¿³°_¡A§Ú­Ì¦³¥²­n­«·s¬Ù¹î¦ò±Ð¸àÄÀ¾Çªº¶Ç²Î¡C»PµS¤Ó±Ðªº¶ð¤ì ¼w(Tamudic)ÄÀ¸g¶Ç²Î»P°ò·þ±ÐªºÄÀ¸g¾Ç¤ñ¸û¡Aªø´Á¥H¨Ó¦ò±Ð¦U¾Ç¬£¤]µo ®i¥X¦U¦Û¿W¯Sªº¸àÄÀ¨t²Î¡X¡u§P±Ð¡v¡A¸Õ¹Ï¦b²³¦hÆ[ÂI¤¬²§ªº²z½×»P¤åÄm ¤§¤¤¡A´£¥X¨¬¥H§P©w¤F¸q/¤£¤F¸q¡B¶ê/¤£¶êªº§P·Ç¡C¦ò±Ð¦U¨t²Î¡A±q¤Ú§Q ¦ò±Ð¨ì¤j­¼¦ò±Ð¡A±q¤¤°êµØÄY¨ì´ÂÂAÁI¡A±qÂöǪ÷­è­¼¨ì¤é¥»¯u¨¥©v¡A¬Ò ¦³¨ä±Ð¬Û§PÄÀ¡C³o«K¬O¸Ó¬ã°Q·|©Ò±´°Qªº¥D­n°ÝÃD¡C(Lopez, 1987)

¡@¡@¸Ó³õ¦ò±Ð¸àÄÀ¾Ç¬ã°Q¼Ð¥Ü¤F·í¥N¦è¤è¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¤§¤èªk½×·NÃѪº¦A«×ı ¿ô¡CÁöµM»P·|¾ÇªÌ©Ò´£½×¤å¦h¬O°w¹ï¶Ç²Î©v¬£¤§±Ð¬Û§PÄÀªº±´°Q¡A¦ý¬O¬ã °Q·|ªºµ²½×«h«ü¥X¡A°£¤F±Ð¬Û§PÄÀ¥H¥~¡A¦ò±Ð¸àÄÀ¾ÇÀ³¸Ó¶i¤@¨B¤Ï¬Ù¤U¦C ½Ñ°ÝÃD¡G²Ä¤@¡A¤°»ò¬O¦ò±Ð­õ¾Çªº²z¸Ñ²z½×(theory of understanding)¡H Alan Sponberg«ü¥X¡A¦ò±Ðªº²z¸Ñ²z½×»P¸Ñ²æ½×®§®§¬ÛÃö¡A¦]¬°¦ò±Ð¤§²z¸Ñ ¬¡° µL¤£¥H¥h°£µê¦k¡BÃÒ®©¸Ñ²æ¬°¥Øªº¡C°Ñ»P°Q½×ªºµÛ¦W°ò·þ±Ð¯«¾Ç«ä·Q ®aDavid Tracy«h»{¬°¦ò±Ð­õ¾Ç±µªñ¡uº«©³ªºÃhºÃ¸àÄÀ¾Ç¡v¡]radical hermeneutics of suspicion¡^¡A¦]¬°¦ò±Ð¦®¦b©ó´¦ÅS§^¤H¹ï©ó¥@¬Éªº¡u¨t²Î ©Ê¦±¸Ñ¡v¡]systemic distortions¡^¡C

¡@¡@²Ä¤G¡A²{¥N¡]¦è¤è¡^¾ÇªÌ¬ã¨s¦ò¾Ç¸g±`­±Á{¡uÂù­«¶ZÂ÷¡vªº³B¹Ò¡G®É¶¡ ¤Wªº¶ZÂ÷»P¤å¤Æ¤Wªº¶ZÂ÷¡C¦b¦¹Âù­«¶ZÂ÷¤U¡A²{¥N¾ÇªÌªº¸àÄÀ¬¡° »P¨ä»¡ ¬O¾É¦V¦ò±Ð¸g¨å¤§¸Ñ©ú¡A¤£¦p»¡¬OµÛ­«©ó´¦ÅS¸àÄÀªÌªº¡u¦¨¨£¡v©Î¡u«e²z ¸Ñ¡v¡]pre-understanding¡^¡C³o«K¬OªÀ·|¾Ç®a©uµn´µ¡]Anthony Giddens¡^ ©Ò¨¥¡A¸àÄÀ¬¡° ¥²¶··ÓÅU¨ì¸àÄÀ¹ï¶H»P¸àÄÀªÌªº¡uÂù­«¯ßµ¸¡v¡]double contexts¡^©Î¡uµø°ì¡v¡C¡]Lopez, 1987: 81-83¡^

¡@¡@¨ä¥L¡A¦p¦ò±Ð¨å«ßªº§Î¦¨¤Î¨ä¦b§Î¦¨¶Ç²Îªº¹Lµ{¤¤©Ò²£¥Íªº¼vÅT¡A¸g¨å ÄÀ¸qªk¡]exegesis¡^¡]¦p¦ò±Ð¹ï¦r·½¾Çªº¹B¥Î¡^¡B½Ķ¡Aµ¥µ¥¡A³£¬O¼s¸q ¦ò±Ð¸àÄÀ¾Çªº½ÒÃD¡C³Ì¥D­nªº¡A¦è¤è¦ò±Ð¾Ç¬É¤w¸g²M·¡¦a¤F¸Ñ¨ì¡A¥L­ÌµL ªkÁקK¥h´¦Åã¥L­Ì¦Û¨­ªº¡u¦¨¨£¡v»P¡u«e²z¸Ñ¡v¡A¤]¤F¸Ñ¨ì¦¹¡u´¦Åã¡v¤~ ¦X¥G¯u¥¿ªº¦ò±Ð¸àÄÀ¾Çºë¯«¡C¡]Lopez, 1988: 9-10¡^

¡@¡@±q¡m¦ò±Ð¸àÄÀ¾Ç¡n¨ì¡mÊÍÂæòªûªÌ¡n§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ì¦è¤è¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¾Ç¬É¨Ã¤£¬O ºò¸ò¬y¦æ«ä¼é¡]¸àÄÀ¾Ç¡B¸Ñºc¥D¸q¡B«á/´Þ¥Á¥D¸q¡K¡^¦Ó¤w¡A¦Ó¬O¨­¬°¦ò ±Ð¬ã¨sªÌ¡A¥Í²£¦³Ãö¦ò±Ðªºª¾ÃÑ¡A¤£¯à¤£¹ï¦¹ª¾ÃѥͲ£¹Lµ{²@µL¤Ï¬Ù¡C³Å ¬_¨tÃоǪº­n¨D¾A®É¦¨¬°¦¹¦Û¬Ùªº¾ÌÂÇ¡A¥Î¨Ó°l¯Á¦è¤è¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¦Û¨­ªº¾ú ¥v±ø¥ó¡C

¡@¡@¦è¤è¾Ç¬É¹ï¦ò±Ð¦p¦ó³Qªí¶Hªº¦Û¬Ù¡A¥t¥~¥i±q¶ð§J¡]Andrew P. Tuck¡^ »P¦ò¹p¡]Bernard Faure¡^¨â¤Hªº¬ã¨s¥i¥H¨ãÅé¬Ý¥X¡C¤£¦P©ó³Å¬_¦¡ªº¨tÃÐ ¾Ç¦Ò¹î¡A¶ð§J¤ÀªR¦è¤è¦ò¾Ç¬É¦b¤£¦P¶¥¬q¤W¹ïÀs¾ð¤¤Æ[­õ¾Çªº¦UºØ®æ¸q ¡]isogesis¡^¡C©Ò¿×¡u®æ¸q¡v§Y¬O§^¤H¹ï¤å¥»ªº¾\Ū»P¸àÄÀ©¹©¹³zÅS¥X¸à ÄÀªÌ¥ß³õ¦h©ó³Q¸àÄÀªº¤å¥»¡C¸àÄÀªÌ©¹©¹²M·¡¥L¦Û¤vªºªí¼h¸ÑŪ¬¡° ¡A«o ¥¼¯à¬Ù¹î¨ì¼çÂ꺮æ¸q¾÷¨î¡C¡]Tuck, 1990: 9-10¡^¥HÀs¾ð¤¤Æ[­õ¾Çªº¸à ÄÀ¬°¨Ò¡A¶ð§J§Yµo²{¤T¶¥¬qªº¡u¬v®æ¸q¡v¡G²Ä¤@¶¥¬q¡A¥Ñ©ó¨ü¨ì¦­´Á¦L«× ¾ÇªÌ¦pPaul Deussen, Max Myllerªº¼vÅT¡A¬ã¨s¤¤Æ[ªº¾ÇªÌ¦pStcherbatsky »PMurti§¡±N¤¤Æ[ªºªÅ© ½×¨Ì±d¼w²{¶H»Pª«¦Û¨­ªº°Ï¤À¸àÄÀ¬°¹ï²{¶Hªº§_ ©w»P¹ïª«¦Û¨­¡]¥»Åé¡^ªºªÖ©w¡C»P±d¼w­õ¾Ç¤£¦Pªº¬O¡A¤¤Æ[­õ¾ÇªÖ©w¤H¥i ¥HÀò±oª½Æ[¥»Å骺¯ë­Y´¼¡]´¼ªºª½Ä±¡^¡C¡]Tuck,1990: 37-38¡^¥L­Ì¦b¤G ¥@¬öªº¦L«×µo²{¤F±d¼w­õ¾Ç¡A¤]µo²{¦ò±Ð­õ¾Ç¦p¼Ú¬w­õ¾Çªºµo®i¤@¯ë¡A¶¶ µÛ±q¡uº«©³ªº¦h¤¸¥D¸q¡v¡]radical pluralism¡^ªº³¡¬£¦ò±Ð¡A¤@¤¸½× ¡]monistic¡^ªº¤¤Æ[­õ¾Ç¡A¨ìÆ[©À½×¡]idealistic¡^ªº·ì¦÷¦æ¬£¡Aª½½uµo ®i¡C

¡@¡@²Ä¤G¶¥¬qªº¤¤Æ[¸àÄÀ¡A©ó¥»¥@¬ö¤¤¸­¥HRichard Robinson»PKarl Potter¬° ¥Nªí¡A«h±q¼w°êÆ[©À½×ªº³±¼v¤¤Âà¦VÅÞ¿è¹ê½×½×¡C¦¹®É¥L­ÌÃö¤ßªº¬OÀs¾ð ªºªÅ© ½×ÃҧΦ¡¡]¥|¥y§_©w¡^¡A¦Ó¤£¬O§Î¤W«ä¿ëªº°ÝÃD¡C

¡@¡@±q¸Ó´Á±M¥Zªº´X½g¤å³¹¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¡A¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¤èªkªº¦h¤¸¤Æ¤w¬O¤£¥i°fÂà ªºÁͶաC°ÝÃD¬O¡A¦b¤éÁͦh¤¸¤Æªº¦UºØ¤èªk¤§¶¡¬O§_¦³¥»¥½¥ý«á¤§¤À¡H§í ©Î¥ô¥O¦ ®aª§»ï¡A¤£¤À°a¸þ¡H¦è¤èªº¦ò±Ð¬ã¨sµo®i¦Ü¤µ¡AÀHµÛ¤å¤Æ±¡¹Òªº ÅܤơA¨Ï±o½×­z«¬ºA¤£¯à¤£ÀH¤§¦Ó§ï¡C­º·í¨ä½Äªº¬O¶Ç²Îªº»y¨¥¤åÄm¾Ç¤è ªk¡C¦¹¤èªk¶i¸ô¥H¤å¥»¡]¸g¨å¡Bª`²¨µ¥¡^¬°¥D­nªº¬ã¨s¹ï¶H¡A»{¬°¸g¥Ñª© ¥»®Õ°É»P°Vµþ¦ÒÄÀ«K¨¬¥HÀò±o¤å¥»ªº«ÈÆ[·N¸q¡C¨ä°ò¥»«H±ø¬O¡u°Vµþ©ú«h ¸q²z©ú¡v¡C¦b¦è¤è¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¾Ç¬É¡A´Nµø»y¨¥¤åÄm¾Ç°V½m¬°°ò¦¤u¤Ò¦Ó¨¥¡A ¥i¥H»¡¬OµL¤H«ù¦³²§Ä³¡C°ÝÃD¦b©ó¡A°Vµþ©ú«h¸q²z¥²©ú¶Ü¡H¦p«e©Ò­z¡A¨Ó ¦Û¸àÄÀ¾Çªº¬D¾Ô«ü¥X¡A¥Ñ©ó¤Hªº²z¸Ñ¬¡° ¨ü¨ì¨ä¡u«e²z¸Ñ¡v¡]pre- understanding¡^ªº¼vÅT¡A¤Hªº²z¸Ñ¬¡° ¬O¦b©Ò¿×ªº¡u¸àÄÀ´`Àô¡v ¡]hermeneutic circle¡^¤¤¶i¦æ¡A¥ô¦ó«ÅºÙ¥i¥H¤£¨ü¥DÆ[¦]¯À¼vÅTªº«ÈÆ[¬ã ¨s¡A¨ä¹ê¤£¹L¬Oµê¤Ûªº«H©À½}¤F¡C

¡@¡@­±¹ï³oºØ¬D¾Ô»P½èºÃ¡Aºû¤]¯Ç¾Ç¬£ªº´£°Ç°Ò¡]Tom J. F. Tillemans¡^²` ¤£¥H¬°µM¡C¥LÁ| Quine µÛ¦Wªº¤ñ³ë«ü¥X¡A¦b©Ò¿×ªº¡u¸àÄÀ´`Àô¡v¤¤¶i¦æ ¤å¥»¸ÑŪµS¦p²î­û©ó®ü¤W­×²î¡A§^¤H¤´¥i¦b¬J¦³ªº»y¨¥»P·§©À¤U­×§ï§^¤H ªº¡u¦¨¨£¡v¡C§^¤HÁö¤£¤@©w¯à°÷¥þµMÀò¨ú¡u«ÈÆ[ªº¯u²z¡v¡A¦Ü¤Ö¥i¥H¡u¹G ªñ¡v¥¦¡C´£°Ç°Ò§ó²`¤£¥H¬°µMªº¬O®É¤U¥H¡u¸Ñºc¡v¬°¦Wªº·¥ºÝ¬Û¹ï¥D¸q»P ¥DÆ[¥D¸q¤§­·¡C(Tillemans, 1995: 269-277)

¡@¡@´£°Ç°Ò¥X¨­ªººû¤]¯Ç¾Ç¬£¦Ü¤µ¤´«O¦³ÄY®æªº¤åÄm¾Ç»P­õ¾Ç¾Ç­·¡Aµ·²@¤£ ¨ü¨ì¥_¬ü¦ò±Ð¾Ç¬É¡u«á²{¥NÂà¦V¡vªº¼vÅT¡C¦Ó¦b­^°ê¥H¬ã¨s¦p¨ÓÂëä·QµÛ ¦Wªº¾|®J®æ(D. Seyfort Ruegg)¦b½Í½×¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s»P­õ¾Ç¸àÄÀªºÃö«Y®É¡A¤] «ù¦³Ãþ¦üªº¬Ýªk¡C°ò¥»¤W¡A¥L»{¬°­õ¾Ç¬O¦ò±Ðªº­«ÂI¡A¦Ó±ý±´°Q¦ò±Ð­õ¾Ç «h¥²¶·¥ý²Ï¦n»y¨¥¤åÄm¾Çªº°ò¦¡C´N¤èªk»P¶i¸ô¨Ó»¡¡A¾|®J®æ¥D±i¡u¤J¥G ¨ä¤¤¡v¡]emic¡^¶i¸ôÀ³¸ÓÀu¥ý©ó¡u¥X¥G¨ä¥~¡v¡]etic¡^¶i¸ô¡C©Ò¿×¡u¤J¥G ¨ä¤¤¡v¶i¸ô¬O»¡¡A¬ã¨sªÌÀ³¸Ó¥ý§Ë²M·¡¬Y¤@¤å¤Æªº½dÃ¥»P¦W¬Û¦p¦ó¦bµ²ºc »P¨t²Î¤W¬Û¤¬Ãö³s¡AµM«á¶i¤J¸Ó¶Ç²Îªº¤å¤Æ¯ßµ¸»P«ä·Qµø³¥¡A¾¨¥i¯à¨Ï¥Î ¸Ó¶Ç²Î¥»¨­ªº«ä·Q»P¤å¤Æ½dÃ¥¨Ó¤F¸Ñ¡C¥L»{¬°³o¤£¥u¬O¤@ºØ¡u¦P±¡ªº¤F ¸Ñ¡v¦Ó¤w¡A¤]¬O¤@ºØ¬ì¾Çªº¤èªk¡C°ß¦³¦b¡u¤J¥G¨ä¤¤¡v¤§«á¡A¾|®J®æ±j ½Õ¡A¤~¯à¡u¥X¥G¨ä¥~¡v¡A¥H¶i¦æ¤ñ¸û»Pºî¦X¡C¡]Ruegg, 1995: 157¡^

¡@¡@­±¹ï·í¤µ¡]¯S§O¬O«ü¥_¬ü¡^¦h¤¸ªº¡u¥X¥G¨ä¥~¡vªº½×­z¡A¾|®J®æ«hÅã±o ¸û¬°§Ù·V¡A»{¬°µS¦p¥j¨å·s«µ¡AÃø±o¶®¥¿¡C¤×¨ä¦b­±¹ï¨Ó¦Û¸àÄÀ¾Çªº½è Ãø¡X§^¤Hªº²z¸Ñ¦³¨ä¾ú¥v© ¡]historicity¡^¡A¬G¤£¥i¯àª½±´§@ªÌ¥»Ãh¡X ®É¡A¾|®J®æ¤´¬Û«H§^¤H¯à°÷¥H¡u¤J¥G¨ä¤¤¡vªº¶i¸ô¡A¸õ¥X¡u¸àÄÀ¾Çªº´` Àô¡v¡A¦Ó±o¥H¡u¸Ñ¬Æ²`±K·N¡v¡C¡]Ruegg, 1995: 160-161¡^¥L¬Û«Hª©¥»®Õ °É¡B¦W¬Û¸ÑªR¡B­õ¾Ç¸àÄÀ¬O¬ã¨s¦ò±Ð­õ¾Çªº¤T³¡¦±¡C¡]Ruegg, 1995: 163- 169¡^³Ì«áªº­õ¾Ç¸àÄÀ¶¥¬q¡A¾|®J®æ»{¬°¦ò±Ð´M¨D¤F¸q¡]nitartha¡^ªº¤è ªk¡X´¦Åã¡u¥¼¤F¸q¡v¡]neyartha¡^ªº¹w³]»P±K·N¡AÄÄ©ú¦ò±Ð«ä·Qªº¦@®Éµ² ºc»P¨t²Î¡A§Y¬O§^¤H¬ã¨s¦ò±Ð­õ¾Çªº³Ì¨Î¨å½d¡C»P¼Ú¬w«O¦uªº¾Ç­·¬Û¤ñ¡A ¨â¦ì¬ü°ê¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌ¡ALuis O. Gomez»P Jose Ignacio Cabezon«h¾Ö©ê¤èªk¤W ªº¦h¤¸¥D¸q¡A©IÆ~´­±ó©t¥ß¥D¸qªº¶H¤ú¶ð¡A¦^¨ì§ó¼e¼sªº¤å¤Æ¯ßµ¸¡A©M¨ä ¥¦½×­z»â°ì¶i¦æ¹ï¸Ü¡C¡]Cabezon, 1995: 264¡^³o¤G¦ì¾ÇªÌ¥»¨­³£¬O³Ç¥X ªº»y¨¥¤åÄm¾ÇªÌ¡AGomez³Ìªñ¨j¥Xª©±ë¥»»Pº~»y¡mµL¶q¹Ø¸g¡nªº­^Ķ¡A¦Ó Cabezon«hĶª`§J¥DªN(1385-1438)¡m¤jºõ­n®Ñ¡n¡C¹ï©ó¡u¯U¹iªº¡v³¹¥y°V µþ¡A¥L­Ì³£«O«ù¤Ï¬Ù§å§PªººA«×¡CGomez»{¬°³¹¥y°Vµþ¦®¦b©ó±a»â§^¤H­« ªð¸g¨å¤å¥»ªº¤å¤Æ±¡¹Ò¡A­«¬B¸g¨å¤å¥»ªº¤å¤Æ¥\¯à¡AÅý¸g¨å¤å¥»ªº¬ã¨s¿Ä ¤J§^¤H¨ãÅ骺¥Í©R¤¤¡C¡]Gomez, 1995: 195¡^Gomezªº½×ÂI¡AÅãµM¬O±µªñ ®öº©¥D¸qªº¸àÄÀ¾Ç¡CCabezon¤]¦P¼Ë¦a«ü³¯¶Ç²Î¤åÄm¾Ç¬ã¨sªº°¢¹i¡A¬y©ó ¹L«×±Mªù¡A¦¨¬°èÃÔH¤§¾Ç¡AµLªk»P¨ä¥¦»â°ì¶i¦æ¹ï¸Ü»P¤ñ¸û¡C¥L©IÀ³Paul Griffths¡A»{¬°¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¥²´Â¦V¸ó¬ì»Ú»P¸ó¤å¤Æªº¬ã¨s»â°ì«e¶i¡C ¡]Cabezon, 1995: 234¡^

¡@¡@Gomez»PCabezon¤G¦ì©M¥_¬ü¦a°Ïªº¤j¦h¼Æ¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌ¤@¼Ë¡A¤F¸Ñ¦ò±Ð¬ã ¨s¤èªk»P¶i¸ô¥²µM´Â¦h¼Ë¤Æªº¤è¦Vµo®i¡A¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌªº¨¤¦â¤]¥²µMÀH¤§¦h¤¸ ¤Æ¡CGomez«K±N¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¨Ì¨ä¬ã¨s¹ï¶H¤À¬°¥|Ãþ¡G¡]¤@¡^³¹¥y°Vµþ¤§¾Ç¡A ¡]¤G¡^ªü¬s¹F¿i¤§¾Ç¡A¡]¤T¡^±Ð¸q¬ã¨s¡A¡]¥|¡^§P±Ð¦¡ªº¬ã¨s¡C¡]Gomez, 1995: 192-204¡^

¡@¡@Ãö©ó³¹¥y°Vµþ¦¡ªº¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨s¡AGomezª½«ü¨ä¤å¦r±R«ôªº¯S© ¡C»y¨¥¾Ç ¡]philology¡^¤§¥»¸q§Y·½¦Û¡u·R¡v¡]philia¡^¡u»y¨¥¡v¡]logos¡^¡C¦¹»y¨¥ ¤§·R¨Ó¦Û¡u¯u²z¦í©ó¨¥»y¤§¤¤¡vªº«H©À¡C»y¨¥¾Ç®a¬Û«H¡A³z¹L¦r·½¾Ç ¡]etymology¡^ªº¤ÀªR¡A¯u²z²×¥iÀò±o¡C»y¨¥¾Ç¬Û«H¡A¤@¥¹ª©¥»°É©w¡A¦r ¸q¸Ñ©ú¡A¤å¥»¤¤ªº¯u²z¦ÛµMÅã²{¥X¨Ó¡CGomez«ü¥X¡A³oºØÆ[ÂI¨ä¹ê¬O¡u°ò ·þ·s±Ð¸g¨å¤¤¤ß¯«¾Çªº«¬¦¡¡A´Þ¥Á¥D¸qªÌªº¤å¤ÆÀu¶V·P¡A¥H¤Î²z© ªº»~ ¥Î¡v©Ò¦X¦¨ªº°ò¥»±Ð¸q½×¡]fundamentalism¡^¡A¬Û«H¥u¦³¡u­ì©l¡v¤å¥»¤~ ¬O³Ì¬°Åv«Â¡A¤~¬O¥»¸q©Ò¦b¡C¡]Gomez, 1995: 193-194¡^

¡@¡@²{¥Nªü¬s¹F¿i¦¡ªº¬ã¨s¡A·½©óRosenberg¡BVassiliev»P Stcherbatsky¡A±N ¦ò¾Ç±q¨ãÅ骺¤å¤Æ±¡¹Ò¤¤©âÂ÷¥X¨Ó¡A«Øºc¦¨¬°¤@« ³¬¨t²Î¡C¶Ç²Î¦ò¾Çªº±Ð ¸q¬ã¨s³q±`¶È¬O­z¦Ó¤£§@¡A¾ÇªÌ¤]¶È¬O¼Ð¥»ªº·j¶°ªÌ¡CµM¦Ó¡AGomez«ü ¥X¡A³Ð³y© ªº±Ð¸q¬ã¨s¡A¦pPaul Griffiths¡A ¨¦¾Ë¬L¡A»PªQ¥»¥v®Ô¡A§Q¥Î ªü¬s¹F¿i§÷®Æ¨Ó¶i¦æÄY®æªº­õ¾Ç¤ÀªR¡A¤´¦³¨ä¤£¥i©¿µøªº»ù­È¡C³Ì«á¡A²{ ¥N¾ÇªÌ¦h¥bµLªk§K©ó§P±ÐÅÞ¿è¡A¤£½×¬O¥½ªk¦¡§P±Ð©Î¤T®É§P±Ð¡C¥i¬O¡A ¡u¥¨«¬±Ô¨Æ¡v¡]grand narrative¡^¦¡ªº§P±Ð¬O§_·|À£§í¤F¦ò±Ð¶Ç²Îªº¡u¦h ­µ¡v¡]multivocality¡^¯S© ¡HGomezÅãµM¦³¨ä¼~¼{¡C¥L¤Q¤À±j½Õ¤å¥»ªº¦h ­µ© ¨Ó¦Û½t°_© ªÅªº¡u§@ªÌ¡v¡B¡uŪªÌ¡v¡A¨Ó¦Û¦ò±Ð¥»¨­¡A¤]¨Ó¦Û¨ä©Ò¶Ç ¤Jªº¦è¤è¤å¤Æ¡C¥¦¬OªÀ·|ªº¡B¤å¾Çªº¡B»y¨¥ªº¡B¤ß²zªº²{¶H¡F¥¦¤º¦b©ó»y ¨¥¤¤¡A¤º¦b©ó§^¤H¹ï¡u¥DÅé© ¡v¡B¡u·N¦V© ¡v»P¡u§@ªÌ¡vªº±Ô¨Æ»P·Q¹³ ¤¤¡C¡]Gomez, 1995: 210¡^

¡@¡@¥Ñ¦ò±Ð¶Ç²Îªº¦h­µ¯S© ¡A¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌ¤]¦]¦ÓÀ³¸Ó§êºt¦h­«ªº¨¤¦â¡Gº Å@ªÌ ¡]curator¡^¡B¶Ç¿ÙªÌ¡]diviner¡^¡B±Ð¤h¡]priest¡^¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O¡u¤Ï±Ð¤h¡v ¡]anti-priest¡^¡C¡]211-212¡^³Ì­«­nªº¡A¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌ°£¤F§U¦¨¸Ó¾Çªùªº±`³W ¤Æ¥H¥~¡AÁÙÀ³¹ï¦¹±`³W¤Æ´£¥X§å§Pªº¤Ï¬Ù¡C¥L»{¬°¡A¦ò±Ð¾ÇªÌ¦³³d¥ôµ¹·í ¥N¤å¤Æ¡u¥tÃþªºÁn­µ¡v¡A¤]À³¸Ó¦b¦ò±Ð¶Ç²Î¤º«O¦s¡u¥tÃþªºÁn­µ¡v¡C¡u¤F ¸Ñ¨ìÁn­µªº¤O¶q¡A§Ú­Ì¥²¶·¤p¤ß¦a¤£¥h«Ø¥ß³æ¤@ªºÁn­µ¡v¡]216¡^¡C

¡@¡@¹ïCabezon¨Ó»¡¡A¦b¥_¬ü¦a°Ï¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¤èªkªº¦h¤¸¤Æ¤w¬O¨Æ¹ê¡A¹ï¦ò±Ð ¬ã¨s¨å½dªº§åµû¡]¤Ó¹L©ó­«µø¦L«×¦ò±Ð¤Î¨ä»y¨¥¡A©¿²¤¤F¤f¶Ç¸ê®Æ¡B¤H Ãþ¾Ç¡BªÀ·|¾Ç¡B»ö¦¡¶Ç²Î¡A¾ú¥v¤åÄm¾Ç±¾«Ó¡Kµ¥¡^¤]¤w«D·sÂA¨Æ¡C°ÝÃD¬O ¦¹ªi³Ìªñªº¤èªk½×¦h¤¸¤Æ¬O§_¶È¦p»´Á¡ªº«á²{¥N­·¼é¡A²×Âk¾èªá¤@²{¡H ¡]Cabezon, 1995: 232-235¡^ Cabezon­n§i¶D§Ú­Ìªº¬O¡A¦ò±Ð¬ã¨sªº¥¼¨Ó ¦ü¥G¤£¦A¬O¨å½d¤§¶¡ªº½ü´À¦Ó¤w¡A¦Ó±N¬O®t²§¨Ã¦sªº±¡ªp¡C¦p¦PGomez©I Æ~¡u«O¦s¦h­µ¡v¡ACabezon«h¤O¥D¡u¾Ö©ê²§Ãþ¡v¡]embracing heterogeneity¡^¡C¡]Ibid., p. 240¡^

¡@¡@¾Ö©ê¦UºØ¤£¦Pªº¤èªk»P¶i¸ô¡A¨Ã«D·N¿×µÛ¶È¬O¤@ºØ¦h¤¸¥D¸q¦¡ªº¥]®e»P ¶}©ñ¡A¦Ó¬O¦b¤èªk½×¤W§ó¥[­n¨D¡u§å§Pªº¹ï¸Ü¡v»P¡u¹ï¸Üªº§å§P¡v¡C¤èªk ½×¤Wªºª§ÅG¦¨¬°µLªk°jÁתºÄ³ÃD¡C¤èªk½×¤£³æ¬Oª¾Ãѽתº°ÝÃD¦Ó¤w¡A¥¦¯A ¤Î¾Ç³NÅé¨î¡BÅv¤O¡B·NÃÑ«¬ºAµ¥¦]¯À¡A¦Ó³o¨Ç³£¦]®É¦]¦a¦Ó¤£¦P¡C¥H¥_¬ü ¦a°Ï¬°¨Ò¡A¦b¤£¦Pªº¾÷ºc¡A¨Ò¦p¬ü°ê©v±Ð¾Ç·|¡]AAR¡^©Î¨È¬w¾Ç·| ¡]AAS¡^¡A©v±Ð¨t©ÎªF¨È¨t¡A¶i¦æ¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¡A«K·|¦³¤£¦P¤èªkªº¦Ò¶q¡C¤É µ¥¡B¥Xª©¡B²×¥Í¾¤]¬OÅé¨î¤W­«­nªº³W½d¦]¯À¡A¦Ó³o¨Ç³£»PÅv¤O¡B·NÃÑ«¬ ºA®§®§¬ÛÃö¡C¡]Ibid., pp. 254-255¡^

¡@¡@·íµM¡A§ó­«­nªº¬O¨Cªù¾Ç¬ì³£¥²¶·¦Û°Ý¨ä»ù­È¦ó¦b¡H³o«K»P¸Ó¾Çªù©Ò³B ªºªº¤å¤Æ±¡¹Ò¦³Ãö¡C¤å¤Æ±¡¹Ò¤]¦]®É¦]¦a¦Ó¤£¦P¡A¦ò±Ð½×­z·íµM¤]´NÀ³¸Ó ÀH¤§¦ÓÅÜ¡C¤èªk½×¤Wªº¡u®t²§¡v¡AµLªk¥Ñ¡u¦P¤@¡v»´©ö¨ú¥N¡C

¡@¡@¡E©Ê§O»P¤k© ¥D¸q¡G¦b¤k© ¥D¸q»P© §O¬ã¨s¦¨¬°¾Ç³N¥D¬y¤§«á¡A¦ò±Ð¾Ç »â°ì¥ç¦³¨ä¤ÏÅT¡A¨ä¤¤¸û¨üÆf¥Øªº¦³Rita M. Gross (1993)¡AJose Ignacio Cabezon (1992)¡AAnne Carolyn Klein (1995)¡AMiranda Shaw (1994)¡C

¡@¡@¡E«á/´Þ¥Á½×­z¡G°£¤F¤W­z Lopez»PFaure¤G®Ñ¥H¥~¡A¦¹»â°ì¥i¹w¨£±N¦³ «áÄòªºµo®i¡C(Fred R. Dallmayr³Ìªñ½s¦³Beyond Orientalism¡A±¤¥¼¨£)

¡@¡@¡E¤ñ¸û©v±Ð­õ¾Ç¡G§Ú­Ì¥HFrank E. Reynolds »PDavid Tracy¥D½s¡u¾É¦V ¤ñ¸û©v±Ð­õ¾Ç¡v¨t¦C¤¤ Paul Griffiths (1994)»P Jose Cabezon (1994) ªº ¨â¥»¬ã¨s¬°¨Ò¨Ó¬Ý¡A¥L­Ì¤À§O¾Ü©w¡u±Ð¸q¡v¡]doctrine¡^»P¡u¸g°|¥D¸q¡v ¡]scholasticism¡^§@¬°¤ñ¸û©v±Ð­õ¾Çªº½dÃ¥¡A¨Ã¥H¦òªû½×»PÂöǮæ¾|¬£¬° ¨Ò¡A±N¦ò±Ð­õ¾Ç´£¨ì¤ñ¸û©v±Ð­õ¾ÇªºÂi­±¨Ó¡AÅãµM¬O¥L­Ì­n¨D¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s ¡u¨«¥X¦ò¾Ç°é¡vªº¨ãÅé¹ê½î¡C¥t¥~¡AMalcolm David Eckel (1992) «h¥H²M ¿ë¤¤Æ[¾Ç¬°§÷®Æ»P½d³ò¡AÂǥѥȮN¡m¦è°ì°O¡nªº±Ô¨Æ»P¶H¼x¡A­««Ø²M¿ë¤¤ Æ[¾Ç¦bÅÞ¿è«ä¿ë¨t²Î©³¤Uªº©v±Ð¸gÅç¡A±N²z½×»P¯««ä¡A²z½×»P¹ê½î¡A­õ¾Ç »P©v±Ð¡A·§©À»PÁô³ë¡Aºë­^»P³q«U¤§¶¡ªº¤º¦bÃöÁp¦b²Ó½oªº¤ÀªR¤UªíÅã¥X ¨Ó¡CEckel¦¹®Ñ¥i¥H»¡¬O¦ò±Ð©v±Ð­õ¾Ç³Ì´I³Ð³y© ¤§§@¡C(ªLÂí°ê¡A1997) ¦Ü©ó¥H¸Ñºc¥D¸q¡B²{¶H¾Ç¡B»y¨¥¤ÀªRµ¥¶i¸ô¨Ó³B²z¦ò±Ð­õ¾Ç¡A¥ç©Ò¦b¦h ¦³¡C

¡@¡@¡E«D®Ñ¼g© ¤åÄm¬ã¨s¡G¥Ñ©ó¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¤@¦V¥H®Ñ¼g¤å¥»¤Î¨ä¤Î±Ð¸q¬°¹ï ¶H¡Aªø´Á©¿²¤¦Ü¤µµS¦sªº¤f¶Ç¶Ç²Î»P¥Á«U¦ò±Ð¡C³o¤@¤è­±ªº¬ã¨s¤ñ¸û°¾¦V ©óªF«n¨È»P¦èÂáB¥§ªyº¸¦a°Ï¡A¦pAnne C. Klein (1994)¡AStan Mumford (1989)¡AS. T. Tambiah (1984)¡ARichard Gambrich and Gananath Obeyesekere (1988)¡AGeorge D. Bond (1988)¡C

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ÄÀ«pÆ[ ¡@1993 ¡q¤é¥»ªºªüÏi¹F¿i¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¡r¡A¡m¿ÍÆ[¡n72¡C

§d¦¼¶v ¡@1993 ¡q¤é¥»ªº¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨sªº·sµo®i¡r¡A¡m¿ÍÆ[¡n72¡C

ªL¶ÇªÚ ¡@1979 ¡qªñ¥N¤é¥»¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨sªºµo®i¡r¡A¦¬©ó±i°ÒÀÜ¥D½s¡A¡m²{¥N¥@¬Éªº ¦ò±Ð¾Ç¡n¡A¥x¥_¡G¤j­¼¤å¤Æ¡C

ÂŦN´I ¡@1993 ¡q·í¥N¤¤°ê¤Hªº¦ò±Ð¬ã¨sÁͶաr¡A¦¬©óÂŦN´I¥D½s¡A¡m·í¥N¤¤°ê ¤Hªº¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¡n¡A¥x¥_¡G°Ó¹©¡C

¡@À¹±K·LµÛ¡A¯Õª@Ķ ¡@1993 ¡m¦R¿»¹¬½Ø°O¡n¡A¥x¥_¡G°Ó¹©¡C

¦¿ÀéÄË ¡@1993 ¡q²{¥N¤¤°ê¦ò±Ð¬ã¨s¤èªk¾Çªº¤Ï¬Ù¡r¡A¡m·í¥N¡n²Ä¤K¤Q¥|´Á¡A36-41¡C

·¨´f«n ¡@1993 ¡q»OÆW¦ò±Ð²{¥N¤Æªº¬Ù«ä¡r¡A¡m·í¥N¡n²Ä¤K¤Q¥|´Á¡A 28-35¡C

§õ¥É¬Ã ¡@1996 ¡q¦ò¾Ç¤§¤k© ¬ã¨s¡Xªñ¤G¤Q¦~­^¤åµÛ§@²¤¶¡r¡A ¡m·s¥v¾Ç¡n²Ä¤C¨÷¡A²Ä¥|´Á¡C

ªLÂí°ê ¡@1988 ¡q¦ò±Ð¸àÄÀ¾Ç»P¬v®æ¸q¹B° ¡r¡A¡m·í¥N¡n²Ä¤G¤Q¤»´Á¡A4-8¡C ¡@1993 ¡q¡u°ßÃѵL¹Ò¡vªº²{¥N½×ª§¡XºÞ¿s­^»y°ßÃѾǬɬã¨sÁͶաr¡A ¡mÃZ´ò¾Ç»x¡n²Ä¤Q¤@´Á¡A137-156¡C

¡@1996 ¡q¤¤°ê¤j³°¥|¤Q¦~¨Ó¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨s»P¸àÄÀµû­z¡r¡A¡m°ê¥ß¬Fªv¤j¾Ç­õ ¾Ç¾Ç³ø¡n²Ä¤T´Á¡A175-197¡C ¡@1997 ¡q¼Ú¬ü¾Ç¬É¤¤Æ[­õ¾Ç¸àÄÀ¥v²¤¡r¡A¡m¦ò¾Ç¬ã¨s¤¤¤ß¾Ç³ø¡n²Ä¤G´Á¡C